语法大全汇总（语法精髓7）
语法大全汇总（语法精髓7）上榜理由：难以描述的疼痛一个多雾的早晨，我来到位于英国牛津的约翰·拉德克里夫医院。这家船型的医院坐落于城市中心西部的一座小山上，我来这里就是为了找罪受。extended metaphor 例句：She is an arrogant red rose her thorns piercing into the skin of those around her. 她是一支高傲的红玫瑰，刺伤着周围的人。参考译文：On a foggy February morning in Oxford England I arrived at the John Radclife Hospital a shiplike nineteen-seventies complex moored on a hill east of the city center for the express purpose of
上榜理由：extended simile
这一句话中，明喻很容易看出来：a shiplike nineteen-seventies complex（一座20世纪70年代风格的船型建筑群），这句话真正的亮点在于 moor 的用法。
moor 的意思是“停船，把（船）固定”，因为前文说这座建筑群的形状长的像船，所以接着在讲这座建筑坐落于某处的时候直接用的是 moor，因为 moor 的用法是沿用的前面的 shiplike，因此这里是 extended simile 延展明喻。
大家可能听到 extended metaphor 延展隐喻比较多，extended metaphor 的定义是：extended metaphor is an author’s exploitation of a single metaphor or analogy at length through multiple lines or throughout a poem or story. 以此类推，extended simile 就是 a simile that extends several lines or even the full length of the poem or story.
extended metaphor 例句：
She is an arrogant red rose her thorns piercing into the skin of those around her. 她是一支高傲的红玫瑰，刺伤着周围的人。
参考译文：On a foggy February morning in Oxford England I arrived at the John Radclife Hospital a shiplike nineteen-seventies complex moored on a hill east of the city center for the express purpose of being hurt.
一个多雾的早晨，我来到位于英国牛津的约翰·拉德克里夫医院。这家船型的医院坐落于城市中心西部的一座小山上，我来这里就是为了找罪受。
Virginia Woolf bemoaned the fact that “the merest schoolgirl when she falls in love has Shakespeare or Keats to speak her mind for her; but let a suferer try to describe a pain in his head to a doctor and language at once runs dry.”上榜理由：难以描述的疼痛
如果我们自己写几句话来表达疼痛“无法描述”的特点，我们可能会写成 There is a feature of undescribability in pain. 或者 We often find pain undescribable. 或者 Words become / prove inadequate when used to describe pain.
但知名作家，小说家会怎么形容呢？我们来看 Virginia Woolf（英国小说家，出版人，评论家）是如何表达的，她说，“一个再普通不过的女学生，如果喜欢上别人，莎士比亚与济慈可以表达她内心的感受。但是如果一个人要向医生表达的自己的痛苦，所有语言都显得乏力。”
Virginia Woolf 通过对比——爱可以用莎士比亚与济慈的语言来形容，但痛苦却不知从何说起——更加突出了痛苦的这一特点。俗话说的好：“没有对比就没有伤害”，通过对比，我们可以突出自己想要表达的某一特点。我们自己再写作中可以借鉴。如在形容一个人“穷”的时候，也可以用对比的手法：
While the rich binge buying houses and villas the poor are struggling to find a roof over their head. While the rich reduce the rarest possible delicacies to waste the poor are only managing to live on one meal a day.
是不是没有对比就没有伤害呢？你学会了吗？
参考译文：
Virginia Woolf bemoaned the fact that “the merest schoolgirl when she falls in love has Shakespeare or Keats to speak her mind for her; but let a suferer try to describe a pain in his head to a doctor and language at once runs dry.”
Virginia Woolf 埋怨道，“一个再普通不过的女学生，如果喜欢上别人，可以用莎士比亚与济慈的话来表达内心的感受。但是如果一个人要向医生描述的自己的痛苦，所有语言都显得乏力。”
If the levels of excitement surrounding the World Cup are high in the rest of the country then they are through the roof at High Storrs school says PE teacher Nick Mallaband.上榜理由：如何把人捧“上天”？
这句话还是用对比的手法，但是前后不是相反的关系，而是先把 A 捧高，然后把 B 捧得更高。我们来具体分析：
作者先说，“If the levels of excitement surrounding the World Cup are high in the rest of the country（UK）”，如果世界杯在英国其他各地引起的excitement可以用“high”来形容
作者接着说，“then they are through the roof at High Storrs school”，那么世界杯在斯托尔斯高中引起的 excitement 可以说 through the roof （冲出屋顶，上天，比 high 还要 high）。
在翻译的时候需要注意，在中文中，我们在说 excitement 时不会用 high（高）去形容，考虑到作者这里事项通过对比来形容世界杯在斯托尔斯高中引起的 excitement 非常之大，翻译的时候把这个程度对比译出来就可以。
参考译文：
If the levels of excitement surrounding the World Cup are high in the rest of the country then they are through the roof at High Storrs school says PE teacher Nick Mallaband.
如果用“十分激动”来形容英国对世界杯的反应，那么斯托尔斯高中的反应可以用“万分激动”来形容。
The retirements are due to come into effect today but last week a general assembly of supreme court judges issued resolutions stating that the dismissals contravened constitutional guarantees of judicial independence and explicit provisions in the constitution guaranteeing the term of office of Małgorzata Gersdorf the supreme court president.上榜理由：长难句
这句话一共51个单词，其中有一些并列关系因为隔得太远，容易弄混，还有两个定语从句需要 identify，我们来看例句，主要分析以下部分：
resolutions stating that the dismissals contravened constitutional guaranteesof judicial independence and explicit provisions in the constitution 【guaranteeing the term of office of Małgorzata Gersdorf the supreme court president】.
resolution 是这一部分的主体，后面整句话都是修饰 resolution，后面部分首先要弄清楚的是 constitutional guarantees 与 explicit provisions 都是 contravene 的宾语；其次【】里面的是用来修饰 explicit provisions 的。因此这句话有以下几个逻辑：
① But last week a general assembly of supreme court judges issued resolutions.
② The resolutions state that the dismissals contravened constitutional guarantees of judicial independence and explicit provisions in the constitution.
③ Provisions in the constitution guarantee the term of office of Małgorzata Gersdorf the supreme court president
参考译文：
The retirements are due to come into effect today but last week a general assembly of supreme court judges issued resolutions stating that the dismissals contravened constitutional guarantees of judicial independence and explicit provisions in the constitution guaranteeing the term of office of Małgorzata Gersdorf the supreme court president.
最高法院院长今天正式退休，但上周最高法院法官召开大会，发布了决议，规定大法官的退位与宪法保证司法独立相冲突，也与宪法中关于保证最高法院院长Małgorzata Gersdorf任期的具体规定相冲突。
It is no exaggeration to say that never before has the selection of a Supreme Court nominee been so thoroughly compromised by the president’s profound personal interest in appointing a judge he can count on to protect him.上榜理由：倒装句
这句话的主干是It is no exaggeration to say that，that 后面是主语从句，这里的特别之处在于主语从句是一个倒装句：never 表示否定的词放在最前面，句子要倒装，主语一般放在助动词的后面，因此这里的主语是 the selection of a Supreme Court nominee，谓语自然就是has never been compromised，by 后面的是宾语（注意宾语中有一个定语从句【he can cuont on to protect him】，修饰 judge，结构理清之后，这句话的逻辑就很好复原：
①The selection of a Supreme Court nominee has never before been so thoroughly compromised by the president’s profound personal interest in appointing a judge.
② He can count on the judge (he appoints) to protect him.
参考译文：
It is no exaggeration to say that never before has the selection of a Supreme Court nominee been so thoroughly compromised by the president’s profound personal interest in appointing a judge he can count on to protect him.
总统意在任命一位能够保护自己的法官，最高法院院长候选人的选择从来没有像现在这样受到总统个人利益的破坏。而且这种说法一点也不夸张。
