译林小学英语代词训练(代词名词的替身)
译林小学英语代词训练(代词名词的替身)宾格:me you him her it us them主格:I you he she it we they代词是名词的替身,从头到脚把自己献给了名词,自己甘愿活在名词的影子里,以至于很多时候学习者根本搞不清代词到底是什么。本文部分例句摘自《杨亮通俗英语语法》,请读者关注 杨亮讲英文人称代词
大家好!我是关注大家英语学习的陈老师,一个有温度的英语老师!一个诠释语言背后的逻辑,教你用汉语学英语的老师!
从教十余年,看到太多人因为学英语而痛苦不堪,有没有一种方法真正能让普通初中文凭的成年人也能学懂这门语言,少走弯路?我认为是有的!
名词的重要性不言而喻,在英语十大词类(介冠形名代 情副动数连 )中名词跟其它词类到底有什么样的关系是需要了解的。
代词,顾名思义是代替名词的词,既然是代替名词的词那么它就可以 当作名词来用。但是代词也可出现在限定词里面来限定名词的数量( that/those/some/many/),还可以限定名词的指代关系(his/her/ its)和限定名词的顺序(the second floor)。
代词是名词的替身,从头到脚把自己献给了名词,自己甘愿活在名词的影子里,以至于很多时候学习者根本搞不清代词到底是什么。
本文部分例句摘自《杨亮通俗英语语法》,请读者关注 杨亮讲英文
代词概述
人称代词
主格:I you he she it we they
宾格:me you him her it us them
物主代词
形容词性:my your his her its our their(限定中心名词的所属关系)
名词性:mine yours his hers its ours theirs(相当于名词,my cat=mine)
反身代词
分类:myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
搭配:by oneself/enjoy oneself/for oneself/help oneself to(主语宾语相同时使用)
指示代词
this/that; these/those;such/so;the same(限定中心名词的数量,表特指)
it/that/one的区别(不定冠词a/an是one的简写;定冠词the是that/those的简写)
疑问代词
人用who/whom、which;物只能用which;whom只能作宾格;
what可以对不可数名词提问;which可与of 可数名词复数连用
不定代词
Some/any;all/both;either/neither/each;other(s)/the other(s)/another;(a)few;
(a)little;many/much(限定中心名词的数量,也可省略中心名词自己作主语)
反身代词
主语宾语是同一个事物,宾语用反身代词。
I am getting older. I can look after myself.我长大了/我能照顾我自己了。
反身代词在句中作同位语,起加强语气的作用,表示“亲自,本人”,通常跟在名词、代词之后,或位于句尾。作主语的同位语,有时为了使句子平衡而把同位语放在句子末尾。
I can finish the work myself.我能自己完成工作。
I myself will do it.我本人将做这件事情。
反身代词在句中作主语补语,常与系动词be,look,feel,seem等连用,表示或描述一种感觉、情绪或状态。
I don’t feel myself today.我今天感到不舒服。
反身代词的搭配
by oneself 独自 or oneself 亲自 teach oneself/learn…by oneself自学
look after oneself 照顾自己 enjoy oneself 玩得开心
help oneself to… 随便吃点 keep…to oneself 保守秘密
dress oneself自己穿衣服
it
指天气、环境、时间、季节和距离等
It is early spring but it is already very hot.现在是初春,但天气已经很热了。
指不知性别的婴儿或身份不明的人
---Who is it knocking on the door? 谁在敲门?---It might be Tom.可能是汤姆。
指代上文提到的事物
My pen is missing. I can’t find it anywhere.我的钢笔丢了,我哪儿也找不到它了。Milk is good for health. Do you like it?牛奶对健康有益。你喜欢吗?
作形式主语或形式宾语,代替动名词、不定式或从句
It is unknown when he will come.他什么时候来还不知道。
It is difficult for us to achieve our goals.实现目标对我们来说很困难。
I find it difficult to work with him.我发现与他一起工作很难。
常用it作形式主语的句式
It is no wonder that…难怪…
It is a pity/shame that…真可惜/丢人…. It seems/appears that…似乎/看起来…
It seems/looks as if/though…看起来好像…. It happens that…碰巧…
It occurs to/comes to/hits sb that…某人突然想起…
It is said /reported/believed…据说/据报道/人们认为…
相互代词
each other(“每个另⼀个、每个对⽅”,特指两者之间“彼此”)
You two should help each other.(你们俩应该互相帮助。)
They looked at each other and laughed.(他们看了看彼此然后笑了起来。)
one another(“⼀个和另⼀个”,泛指“任何两个”)
We all should try to help one another.(我们都应该尽⼒互相帮助。)
I think we've learned a lot about one another these days.(我认为这些天我们相互有了很多 了解。)
that
Who told you that?(谁告诉你那件事的?)(代词作直接宾语)
It won’t be that easy.(这件事不会那么容易的。)(副词表程度)
The output of steel this year has increased by 20% compared with that of last year.(今年钢产量⽐去年(的)增⻓了百分之⼆⼗。)(代词作宾语)
He expressed the hope that we would keep in touch with his firm.(他表示希望我们与他的公司保持联系。)(引导的同位语从句)
That book is not mine.(那本书不是我的。)(限定词)
合成代词
-thing: something anything everything nothing(某事,任何事,每件事,没有什么)
-body: somebody anybody everybody nobody(某⼈,任何⼈,每个⼈,没⼈)
-one: someone anyone everyone no one(某⼈,任何⼈,每个⼈,没有⼈)
不定代词
代词做限定词或代替名词作名词(实质上是名词短语省略名词)
all some many much none【所有,⼀些/某个,许多(可数),许多(不可数),没有】
Some people find this more difficult than others.(这件事有⼈觉得难,有⼈觉得不难。)(可数)
There's still some wine in the bottle.(瓶⼦⾥还有些葡萄酒。)(不可数)
He's in some kind of trouble.(他遇到了什么麻烦。)(某种)
注意:all表示“三者以上的肯定”;none表示“三者以上的否定”。
All (of) the students in our class have watched the movie. (我们班所有的学⽣都看过那部电影了。)
None of the students in our class has/have watched the movie. (我们班没有学⽣看过那部电影。)
few little【很少、⼏乎没有(可数),很少、⼏乎没有(不可数)】
He is among the few people I can trust.(他是为数不多的⼏个我能信任的⼈之⼀。)
They have very little money.(他们⼿头钱很少。)
a few a little【⼀点、少的(可数),⼀点、少的(不可数】
I need to get a few things in town.(我需要到城⾥买⼏样东⻄。)
This sauce needs a little salt.(这种酱汁需要加点盐。)
other others(其它的,其它)
Are there any other questions?(还有其他问题没有?)
Others have met similar problems.(其他⼈遇到过同样的问题。)
one the other another【⼀个,两者当中的另⼀个,众多当中的另⼀个(an other)】
I have two dogs. One is a Husky the other a Labrador.(我有两条狗。⼀条是哈⼠奇,另⼀条是拉布拉多。)
Would you like another drink?(还想再来⼀杯吗?)
both each【两者都,(两者或两者以上)各⾃】
I liked them both.(他俩我都喜欢。)
Each answer is worth 20 points.(每题为20分。)
either neither【两者择⼀,两者都不(no whether)】
You can park on either side of the street.(这条街两边都可停⻋。)
He didn't remember and neither did I.(他没记住,我也忘了。)
修饰不定代词的形容词位置
因为不定代词本身就是“形容词/限定词 名词”的合成词,some any等习惯置于前定语的最前部, 所以把前定语的位置占完了;可以把修饰词后置理解为从句的简化。
I’m looking for someplace safe.(我想找某个安全的地⽅。)(= someplace that is safe)
I want something different.(我想要某种不同的东⻄。)(= something that is different)
You can’t do anything illegal.(你不能做任何违法的事。)(= anything that is illegal)
some肯定句,any否定句?
因为some(⼀些)和any(任何⼀个)的意思不同。本质上不是some和any的语法规则问题, ⽽是句意需要。
I think some of them can speak English.(我觉得他们当中有些⼈会讲英语。)(突出“集体 中的某个部分”)
I don’t think any of them can speak English.(我不认为他们当中任何⼀个⼈会讲英语。) (突出“集体中的任何个体”、“⼀个也不会”)
Is there anyone who speaks English?(有个会讲英语的⼈吗?)(突出“集体中的任何个 体”、“谁都可以、⼀个就可以”)
some也可以⽤于否定句或疑问句,表示字⾯意思:
Is there someone who speaks English?(有谁会说英语吗?)(某⼈)
Greatness is not some precious thing.(伟⼤不是某种宝贵的东⻄。)(某种)
Can I use some of your paper?(我能⽤点你的纸吗?)(⼀些)
Could you lend me some money?(你能借我点钱吗?)(⼀些)
Would you like some coffee?(你想来点咖啡吗?)(⼀些)
any也可以⽤于肯定句,表示字⾯意思:
Anything is possible.(⼀切皆有可能。)(⼀切)
If you have any problems don’t hesitate to ask me.(如果你有任何问题,别犹豫,直接问 我。)(任何)
下回预告
下回我们继续 章节五 介词和介词短语的讨论!如果对你有用,记得让更多的人参与学习!我是有温度的英语陈老师!